Due to having spring and autumn genotypes and adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall and winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season and date on the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing dates (7, 17, and 27 October in fall sowing and 9 and 19 February, and 1 March in winter sowings) and sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, and Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain and oil yields were 4330 and 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 and 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain and oil yields (5033 and 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing date in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain and oil yields (2996 and 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain and oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid and semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

In order to identify the correlations and relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely randomized design in greenhouse and the randomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation and post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal and moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits and the yield components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density and length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity and 50% of flowering were among the important and effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

بنگ­دانه به­ واسطه آلکالوئیدهای هیوسیامین و اسکوپولامین از ارزش دارویی بالایی برخوردار است. بهبود کیفیت و کمیت آلکالوئیدهای بنگ­دانه با استفاده از روش ­های بهنژادی پیشرفته، مستلزم ارزیابی تنوع این گیاه است. تنوع ژنتیکی این گیاه با استفاده از نشانگرهای مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی در مطالعات متعددی بررسی شده و برتری نشانگرهای مولکولی نسبت به سایر نشانگرها به اثبات رسیده است. به همین منظور، در سال 1398 تنوع ژنتیکی 96 ژنوتیپ بنگ­دانه جمع ­آوری شده از رویشگاه­ های شمال غرب کشور، با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی IRAP وREMAP مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای نشانگرهای IRAP از 36 ترکیب ممکن حاصل از هشت آغازگرLTR، هفت ترکیب تکثیر مناسب و قابل امتیازدهی داشتند. در نشانگر REMAP از ترکیب 11 آغازگر ISSR با هشت آغازگر LTR استفاده شد که از 88 ترکیب ممکن، 12 ترکیب قابل امتیازدهی بودند. متوسط میزان اطلاعات چندشکلی برای نشانگرهای IRAP و REMAP به ­ترتیب 0. 30 و 0. 32 و میانگین شاخص نشانگر برای این دو نشانگر برابر 2. 59 و 2. 47 برآورد شد. بر اساس این معیارها، نشانگر REMAP در برآورد تنوع ژنتیکی بنگ دانه کاراتر از IRAP بود. در تجزیه واریانس مولکولی با استفاده از این نشانگر­ها، تنوع درون ­جمعیتی بیشتر از بین ­جمعیتی برآورد شد که نشان از تنوع بالای این توده ­ها­ در شمال­ غرب ایران می­ دهد. تجزیه خوشه ای بر اساس نشانگر IRAP نتوانست گونه ها و توده­ ها­ را از یکدیگر تفکیک نماید ولی بر اساس نشانگر REMAP، گونه های H. pusillus و H. reticulatus تا حد بالایی از هم تفکیک شدند. حصول شاخص شانون بالا در این پژوهش، نشان داد که نشانگرهای رتروترانسپوزونی IRAP و REMAP با درج بالای خود در ژنوم توده ­ها­ی بنگ­ دانه، تنوع ژنتیکی بالایی را در درون توده ­ها­ی بنگ­دانه القاء نموده­ اند.

To investigate the response of corn to combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use chemical fertilizers based on soil test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth and growth indices of the plant. Combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth and final grain yield of corn.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

To evaluate and identify high yielding triticale lines syuiable to cold, temperate and warm agro-climatic conditions of Fars province, a field experiments were carried-out in Eqlid, Zarghan, and Darab agricultural research stations in 2012-2013 growing season. Twenty-nine triticale advanced lines (received from CIMMYT) were cultivated along with Juanilo 92 variety (check) in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot was four meters long with 1.2 meter in width. Fertilizers were applied based on soil analysis. The results showed that the highest grain yield (7450 kg ha-1) obtained from Darab and the lowest (2800 kg ha-1) from Eqlid. In Zarghan, Juanilo 92 variety had the highest grain yield (7300 kg ha-1). In Darab, the highest grain yield belonged to lines no. 2 and 21 with 8966 and 8900 kg ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the average grain yield of lines no. 8, 7 and 21 in all three locations were 1.8, 3.5 and 12.9 percent higher than Juanilio 92, respectively.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen and water withholding in vegetative growth stage of corn on efficacy of nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. The first factor contained four treatments including application of nicosulfuron, 2,4-D+ MCPA, weed free and weed infested as control. The second factor consisted of normal irrigation and water withholding from 4 to 8 leaf stage. Third factor contained either urea application or no fertilizer application. Normal irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA efficacy in weed control and total weed dry weight decreased to 341 and 361 g.m-2 respectively compared 1370 g.m-2 as weed infested. Nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA reduced weed total dry weight significantly under irrigation withholding. Grain yield increased with application of nitrogen and nicosulfuron. Grain yield was higher with application of 2,4-D+ MCPA than nicosulfuron without nitrogen application under irrigation withholding. Application of nicosulfuron with nitrogen application provided satisfactory weed control and increased grain yield.

به منظور ارزیابی لاین های تریتیکاله برای شرایط کم بازده، این تحقیق با 36 لاین تریتیکاله در قالب طرح آلفا لاتیس انجام شد. تعداد روز از سبز شدن تا برخی مراحل فنولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه و اجزاء آن تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت لاین ها برای همه صفات معنی دار بود. دامنه تغییرات تعداد روز از سبز شدن تا ظهور سنبله و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی به ترتیب 103-89 و 141-129 روز بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4790 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سرعت رشد محصول دانه (14.1 گرم در مترمربع در روز) به لاین 29 تعلق داشت. بالاترین ضریب تنوع ژنتیکی به تعداد روز از سبز شدن تا ظهور سنبله (43.6 درصد) و عملکرد بیولوژیکی (36.4 درصد) تعلق داشت. میانگین عملکرد دانه لاین ها در دامنه 4790- 1898 کیلوگرم در هکتار متغیر بود. با توجه به عملکرد دانه و میزان تشابه لاین ها در تجزیه کلاستر، لاین های 5، 8، 15، 17، 20، 22، 23، 26 و 29 به ترتیب با عملکرد دانه 4494، 3748، 3820، 3777، 3757، 3717، 4007، 3780 و 4790 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان لاین های برتر انتخاب شدند. با توجه به تشابه بالای عملکرد دانه با سرعت رشد محصول دانه (95 درصد) و عملکرد بیولوژیکی (86 درصد) در تجزیه کلاستر و ضریب تنوع ژنتیکی بالای این دو صفت، با هدف عملکرد دانه بالا، این لاین ها به عنوان یک منبع ژنتیکی مطلوب برای انتقال این صفات در برنامه های به نژادی ارزیابی می شوند.

به منظور ارزیابی عمکرد ارقام کتان 6 (Linum usitatissimum L.) نمونه بذر ارقام مربوطه جمع آوری شده از شهرستانهای ارومیه، بافت، ماشیز، مشکین شهر، خلخال و کرمان، از مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی تهیه شد. بذرها برای مطالعات در مزرعه تحقیقاتی این مرکز با سه تکرار کشت شدند. پس از اتمام فصل رویش صفات مهم گیاه به عنوان گیاهی دانه روغنی و دارویی شامل تعداد انشعابات، تعداد کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، میزان چربی دانه و ... با سه بار تکرار اندازه گیری شدند. برای استخراج و اندازه گیری میزان چربی از روش Leiboritz استفاده شد. نوع اسیدهای چرب و میزان هریک در روغن استخراجی با استفاده از GC تعیین شدند. آنالیز اسیدهای چرب 5 نوع اسید چرب عمده پالمیتیک، استئاریک، اولئیک، لینولئیک و لینولنیک اسید را مشخص کرد. ارزیابی و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس، گروه بندی میانگینها و تجزیه همبستگی انجام گرفت. بدین منظور از نرم افزارهای آماری SPSS و Excel استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس بین برخی صفات مورد مطالعه از جمله تعداد کپسول و میزان چربی اختلاف معنی داری را در سطح احتمال یک درصد نشان داد. همچنین همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بین میزان چربی و وزن هزار دانه مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد از بین نمونه های مطالعه شده نمونه مشکین شهر بالاترین عملکرد و میزان روغن و در نتیجه بالاترین میزان اسید چرب امگا 3 را برای کشت در مناطق شمال غرب کشور داشت.